P1711 - Syntax Error
Error
foo() -> XX 3.
%% ^ error: Syntax Error
Explanation
This is probably the most common error you will see, as it is generated while you are typing and the code has a syntax error in it.
This means that the initial analysis of the code cannot make sense of it, because the code is in some way malformed, and does not conform to Erlang syntax.
For details of Erlang and its syntax, see the reference manual.